Atlassino Academy · Poker in the room · Lesson 2

Blinds, button and betting rounds

Blinds go in before the cards, the button decides who speaks first, and in no limit a raise has a floor. Here is the order of a hand, round by round, and what you may do when the action reaches you.

  • About 17 minutes
  • Illustrated hosts: Leo and Maya
  • Last checked 18 October 2026

The cards are dealt at a no limit table with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units, and nobody has acted yet. Who acts first, and what is the smallest raise that player may make?

The short answer

Before the flop, the player to the left of the big blind acts first. From the flop on, the first player still in the hand to the left of the button acts first. The smallest bet in a round is the big blind, and in the Buenos Aires Province rulebook (PBA) a raise has to be at least as big as the last bet or raise in the round. With nobody in yet, the big blind is that bet, so the smallest raise goes to 4 units. The ceiling is your stack. The words in short: the blinds are the two forced bets made before the cards, the big one second; the flop is the first three shared cards; the button marks the dealer’s seat; your stack is the chips you have on the table. The blinds here are an example table, not a suggested stake.

dealerplay moves clockwiseAbuttonBSBCBBDEFGHI

Before the flop

  1. Seat D
  2. Seat E
  3. Seat F
  4. Seat G
  5. Seat H
  6. Seat I
  7. Seat A, the button
  8. Seat B, the small blind
  9. Seat C, the big blind

From the flop on

  1. Seat B, the small blind
  2. Seat C, the big blind
  3. Seat D
  4. Seat E
  5. Seat F
  6. Seat G
  7. Seat H
  8. Seat I
  9. Seat A, the button

The same nine seats in both lists: the button and the two blinds stay where they are for the whole hand, and only the moment in the hand changes which seat speaks first.

Leo, in the dealer’s place behind an oval poker table with every other place empty, slides a second face-down card toward Maya, the rest of the deck in his other hand, while she waits at the rail beside a plain white button and her first card.
Leo smiling, explaining with an open hand.

Leoformer dealer · rules and maths

I dealt hold’em for years, and two questions came up at every table: “is it on me?” and “how much do I have to put in?”. Both answers come from where the button sits and from what the player before you did, and both can be read off the table before you touch a chip.

Seats, the button and the room

A game of hold’em needs at least four players to start and to go on, and a table seats 10 at most. The seats are drawn by lot, not picked. A game runs for two hours: when the time is up, one more hand is played and the game ends, and it ends sooner if only 3 players are left. There is no table of three on this page for that reason.

Everyone at the table plays against the other players, not against the house. The room is paid by a fee: up to 5 % of every pot in the CABA rulebook, a fee for the seat in the PBA rulebook. Lesson 7.3 deals with it; every pot on this page is shown before that fee.

The button marks the seat of an imaginary dealer, since a house dealer deals every hand: a disc, and the player to its left gets the first card and posts the small blind. After each hand it passes to the player on the left of the one who had it last. What happens when a player leaves the game differs between the two rulebooks.

  • In CABA: a dead buttonIf the player who was due the button is out, the button stays where it was, so the order of the blinds is kept.
  • In CABA: a dead blindIf the player who was due the small blind is out, nobody posts it that hand, and the next player posts the big blind only.
  • In PBA: a moving buttonIf a player leaves the game, the button goes to the next player, and never stays on an empty seat.

Each tile is the rule of the rulebook it names. When a player who has just sat down gets a first hand is a rule of its own, and it is in lesson 7.3.

Blinds: the two bets before the cards

Before any card is dealt, the two players to the left of the button put in forced bets called blinds: the first player puts in the small blind, the second the big blind, and they do it every hand, whoever paid them in the hand before.

What each blind is
WhereThe small blindThe big blind
In CABAGenerally half of the big blindSet by the casino for the whole game, and fixed until it ends
In PBAHalf of the minimum betThe minimum bet

In the CABA rulebook the casino’s management sets the blinds and the buy-in limits for each game, and announces any change before the game starts.

  • Small blind1 unitthe first number of a 1 unit/2 units stake on the sign
  • Big blind2 unitsthe second number of a 1 unit/2 units stake on the sign
  • The smallest bet on any round2 unitsthe size of the big blind, in both rulebooks

We read the two numbers of a no limit stake on the sign, such as 1 unit/2 units, as the two blinds: the first is the small blind, the second the big blind. The smallest bet on every round is the size of the big blind. Amounts are in betting units, not pesos: a unit can stand for any amount, and the arithmetic is the same at any scale.

Four rounds of betting, five moves

Each player gets two cards face down, dealt one at a time, starting with the player to the left of the button, and the first round of betting follows. The dealer then burns a card, setting it aside face down, and turns three shared cards face up: the flop. After a second round the dealer burns again and turns a fourth card, the turn; after a third round, a last burned card and a fifth, the river, and the fourth and final round.

  1. The deal
    Two cards face down to each player, then the first round of betting.
  2. The flop
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    One card burned, three shared cards face up, then the second round.
  3. The turn
    77
    One card burned, a fourth shared card, then the third round.
  4. The river
    22
    One card burned, the fifth shared card, then the last round.

Every new card or set of cards is followed by a round of betting; a hand in which every player but one folds stops right there.

When the action reaches you, there are five moves to choose from, and the CABA rulebook names them.

  • CheckPass without putting chips in, while there is no bet for you to match.
  • BetPut chips in when nobody has bet in the round yet.
  • CallPut in just enough to match the bet you face.
  • RaisePut in more than the bet you face, so the others have to match the larger amount.
  • FoldGive up the hand, and with it any share of the pot.

Checking and betting are possible only while nobody has bet in the round; calling and raising, only once somebody has. Before the flop the big blind counts as a bet; when every other player has only called it, the big blind may still check.

Who acts first, before and after the flop

Before the flop the player to the left of the big blind acts first, and the two blinds act last, because their money is already in. From the flop on, the first player still in the hand to the left of the button acts first, and the button acts last.

Who speaks first and last, on the nine-seat table aboveFolded seats drop out of the order
WhenFirst to actLast to act
Before the flopSeat D, the first seat left of the big blindSeat C, the big blind, unless a raise sends the action round again
From the flop onSeat B, the small blind, or the next seat still inSeat A, the button, while still in

After the flop that player is the small blind, while still in the hand; once the small blind has folded, the next player still in goes first.

Where your seat falls in this order is called your position. Acting later means you have seen more before you decide: on the flop, the turn and the river, the player on the button sees what everyone else did before having to act.

How big a raise has to be

The smallest bet in a round is the big blind. In the PBA rulebook every raise has to be at least as big as the last raise in the round, and a re-raise adds at least the difference between the two bets before it. The CABA rulebook describes a raise differently: the player matches the last bet and adds chips from a minimum of one big blind up to the whole stack. The two read the same for the first raise of a round, when the big blind is the bet, and differ once a raise is bigger than the big blind. The ladder and the practice run below follow the PBA rule.

  1. The big blind2 unitscounts as the first bet before the flop
  2. Seat D raises to 6 units+4 unitsa raise of 4 units
  3. The next raise goes to at least10 units6 units and 4 units more
  4. Seat E re-raises to 16 units+10 unitsa raise of 10 units
  5. The next raise goes to at least26 units16 units and 10 units more

The size of a raise is what it adds to the bet before it, not the total it reaches; each full raise in a round sets the floor for the next one.

There is a ceiling, and it is your own stack: at a PBA table there are no limits on bets, and the largest bet is set by the number of chips the player holds. Neither rulebook describes pot limit or fixed-limit games, so this page does not.

  • The smallest bet2 unitsthe big blind, on every round of an example table with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units.
  • The smallest raise after a raise to 6 units10 unitsthe 6 units and as much again as the 4 units that raise added: a PBA table.
  • The largest betup to 150 unitsyour whole stack, here 150 units: there is no other ceiling at a PBA table.

The three tiles are the same example table each time: blinds of 1 unit and 2 units, a stack of 150 units, nobody in yet except for the raise in the middle tile.

A short all-in, and when the betting reopens

An all-in can be smaller than a full raise. In the PBA rulebook, a player who goes all in without covering the smallest raise does not open the betting again to a player who has already spoken: that player may call the all-in bet or fold, as long as the all-in bet was not changed.

  1. Seat B, the small blind, bets10 unitsthe first bet on the flop
  2. Seat C, the big blind, raises to20 unitsa raise of 10 units
  3. Seat D goes all in for25 units5 units more, short of a full raise of 10 units
  4. Seat A, the button, folds; Seat B calls25 unitsthe bet Seat C now faces
  5. Seat C, who has already acted5 units to callor fold; Seat C may not raise

An example table with its own amounts; none of them is a suggested bet.

Two cases follow from the same rule. A player who has not acted yet in the round, such as a big blind whose blind went in before the cards, has not spoken, so the rule does not touch that player and every move is open. And when only one other player is left in the hand and that player is all in, nobody is left to answer a raise, so only a call or a fold remains.

Maya with a hand on her chest, speaking gently and seriously.

Mayaformer floor supervisor · manners, money and breaks

Know the rules before you buy in. A hand where you are not sure whether it is your turn, or how big a raise has to be, is a hand where chips go in by accident and calm goes out with them.

Bring one number with you as well as the rules: the money the evening gets, settled before you buy in. If a hand rattles you, you can fold the next one, or step away from the table for a short break.

If it stops being fun

If gambling stops being entertainment, help is available. Minimum entry age: each province sets its own. Where we found the rule or regulator that sets it, we cite it on the page; those we found set it at 18. More on responsible gaming.

Show all provinces
0800-666-6006Buenos Aires City (CABA) · Línea de orientación por juego problemático (LOTBA) · Monday to Friday, 9 to 17
0800-444-4000Buenos Aires Province · Programa de Prevención y Asistencia al Juego Compulsivo (IPLyC)
0800-777-2983Cordoba · Línea 0800-777-AYUDA (Lotería de Córdoba) · 24 hours
0800-268-5640Santa Fe · Línea gratuita de la APRECOD (Santa Fe) · Every day, 8 to 24
0800-888-2202Entre Rios · Departamento Juego Responsable (IAFAS, PREVENJUEGO)
0261-424-7536Mendoza · Programa de Juego Responsable (IPJyC) · Monday to Friday, 8 to 14
0800-888-5836Misiones · Programa de Juego Responsable del IPLyC S.E. (0800-888-LUDO)
0800-888-2008Chaco · Línea de Juego Responsable (Lotería Chaqueña)
0299-403-8900Neuquen · Líneas de contacto, orientación y tratamiento (IJAN, juego responsable) · Monday to Friday, 8 to 15
0800-222-1700Rio Negro · Línea de Orientación al Jugador Problemático (Lotería de Río Negro)
02901-433515Tierra del Fuego · Departamento Juego Responsable (IPRA, Ushuaia)
0800-555-7678Tucuman · Juego Responsable, Ley 8986 (Caja Popular de Ahorros)
0800-999-1314San Juan · Línea gratuita del Programa Provincial de Juego Responsable (Caja de Acción Social) · Monday to Friday, 08 to 12

If you are thinking about suicide, call 135 or 0800 345 1435 from anywhere in the country

Practice: action is on you

Level 1 is the round before the flop: who speaks first, and how big the first raises have to be. Level 2 is the flop, the turn and the river. Level 3 is the short all-in: when it reopens the betting for a player who has already acted, and when it does not.

Nothing is bet here. Every table is an example no limit table with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units, and every moment stops at a decision, with the seats, the stacks and the moves before yours on the screen.

The practice table needs JavaScript. Here is one decision from it, with the answer.

Level 3 · Short all-ins

You raised to 6 units. Seat E went all in for 8 units, Seat F called, and the action is back on you. What can you do?

  • Put in 2 units more to call, or fold; you may not raise The all-in added 2 units to your 6 units, less than the 4 units your raise added, so the betting is not open again to you.
  • Call, fold, or raise to at least 12 units That would hold if the all-in had been a full raise. An all-in that adds less does not give a player who has already acted another raise.
  • Call, fold, or raise to at least 10 units A short all-in does not reopen the betting for a player who has already acted, and it does not set a new size for raises either.

Reopening asks one question of each player who has already acted: has the bet you face grown by at least a full raise since you acted? Here it has not.

Every moment in the practice run is worked out the same way: the moves before yours are played through by the same engine, and the answer is what the engine allows the seat whose turn it is.

How the practice run works

Where the answers come from. Every moment is a set of stacks, a button and the moves before yours, and the engine plays those moves through when the page is built: the answer is what the engine allows the seat whose turn it is, or the seat it names as first to act. Each wrong answer is a named mistake, such as a raise counted from the wrong bet, a blind that is forgotten, the whole stack taken for a smaller ceiling, or a short all-in read as a full raise.

One strip, and no rounds. Every square on the strip is one decision of this lesson, and all of the squares are there from the start. Your first answer fills the square it belongs to; when the squares of one level are full, the next level begins by itself, with no button in between. Practising a decision you got wrong turns its cross into “fixed in practice” and does not change the count, because only first answers count.

Your progress stays in this browser, and nothing is sent anywhere.

Check yourself

Maya with a finger raised and a knowing look.

Mayaformer floor supervisor · manners, money and breaks

Three quick ones. Pick an answer, then check it. No timer, no points: just whether it stuck.

A question marked “New situation” asks you to use the lesson on a case it did not show.

1No limit, at an example table with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units. The player before you has raised to 6 units. What is the smallest re-raise in the PBA rulebook?

Show the answer

Answer: To 10 units. In the PBA rulebook a raise has to be at least as big as the last raise, and a re-raise adds at least the difference between the two bets.

  • To 12 units A raise to 12 units is allowed, but the rule does not ask you to double the bet, so 12 units is not the smallest.
  • To 10 units The raise added 4 units to the big blind, so the next raise has to add at least 4 units: from 6 units to 10 units.
  • To 8 units That adds 2 units, less than the 4 units the last raise added.
2At a full table, only you on the button and the small blind are still in the hand when the flop comes. Who acts first on the flop?

Show the answer

Answer: The small blind. The second round of betting, and every one after it, starts with the player at the button’s left.

  • You, on the button Before the flop you acted before the small blind; from the flop on, the button acts last.
  • Whoever raised before the flop The order after the flop comes from the seats, not from what happened in the round before.
  • The small blind After the flop the first player still in to the left of the button acts first, and the small blind sits to the button’s left.
3Last hand you were the big blind. The button has moved one seat clockwise: where are you now, and when do you act before the flop? new situation

Show the answer

Answer: In the small blind, second to last before the flop. After each hand the disc passes to the player on the left of the one who had it, and the two blinds move with it: last hand’s big blind is this hand’s small blind.

  • In the small blind, second to last before the flop The blinds belong to the two seats to the left of the button. The button moved onto the seat to your right, so the first seat to its left, the small blind, is now yours; before the flop the small blind acts just before the big blind.
  • In the big blind again, last before the flop The blinds stay with the seats beside the button, not with a player: the big blind has moved one seat on, to the player on your left.
  • To the left of the big blind, first before the flop That seat moved too: the new big blind is the player on your left, and the first seat to act is the one to the left of that player.

Back to the question we opened with. The player to the left of the big blind acts first before the flop, and with nobody in yet the smallest raise goes to 4 units: the big blind and as much again.

The rooms, and further reading

18+ under each province’s rules · Play responsibly · the helplines are further up this page

Further reading

How it’s worked out

Rules, numbers, sources and hosts

Where this happens. Every table on this page is a poker room you can walk into, where a house dealer deals Texas hold’em and the players bet against each other. A rule is named with the rulebook that prints it: CABA is the rulebook for Buenos Aires City (CABA) (a Lotería Nacional resolution of 2009), PBA the rulebook for Buenos Aires Province (the IPLyC resolution of 2012, chapter 21). No line on this page speaks for every room in the country.

Numbers. Every amount on this page belongs to an example table with blinds of 1 unit and 2 units, and none of it is a suggested stake. Every answer is worked out when the page is built: the moves before yours are played through by our engine, which follows the no limit rules of a PBA table, and the smallest raise, the largest raise, the call and the first seat to act are read from it.

Our readings. No document we could read says in so many words that the two numbers of a no limit stake are the small and the big blind; we read them that way. We read a posted blind as not yet an answer to a raise, so a big blind facing a short all-in still has every move open: the PBA rule protects a player who has already spoken, and the big blind has not. We read an all-in that reaches the smallest raise as a raise like any other, since the rule names only the all-in that does not cover it. And we read the CABA description of a raise, chips added “from a minimum of one big blind”, as a smallest raise of one big blind; the practice run follows the PBA rule. Neither rulebook says what happens when several short all-ins add up to a full raise, so this page does not say either.

What is deliberately absent. Pot limit and fixed-limit betting, the straddle and a hand dealt to only two players are not in the practice run: neither rulebook describes them. When a new player gets a first hand is lesson 7.3, along with the buy-in and the seat fee. What makes a bet binding, string raises and the single oversized chip are lesson 7.4. The showdown, the kicker, table stakes and side pots are lesson 7.5, and the ranking of hands is lesson 7.1. How often starting hands come and how far one is ahead, outs, pot odds and the strongest hand a board allows are lessons 7.6 to 7.9. Tournaments are lessons 7.11 and 7.12.

Sources. Every claim on this page carries a button with the sentence it rests on, the publisher who wrote that sentence and the date we read it. The sentences are in Spanish, as the rulebooks print them.

Hosts. Leo and Maya are illustrated characters. Their backstories, a former dealer and a former floor supervisor, are written for the course: neither is a real person, and neither speaks for any casino. The rules and numbers on this page come from the sources it cites, not from their experience.

No promise. Poker is played against the other players at the table, and the room takes its fee from the pots. Knowing whose turn it is and how big a raise has to be keeps a hand from going wrong by accident; nothing on this page says how a hand or an evening would end, and nothing here is a way to earn money.

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