Atlassino Academy · Blackjack · Lesson 6

When to hit or stand on a hard total

The decision you face on most blackjack hands, worked out for the rules published by Lotería de Córdoba for Córdoba casinos.

  • About 18 minutes
  • Illustrated hosts: Leo and Maya
  • Last checked 24 October 2026

Lesson 6 of the blackjack track. It assumes you know how a hand of blackjack goes. The lessons before it teach that: what the cards count, how a round goes, what each move is.

New to blackjack? The basics in one minute
  • The goal. Get a higher total than the dealer without going over 21. If the dealer goes over 21 and you have not, you are paid.
  • What the cards count.
    447799
    The number printed on the card
    1010JJJQQQKKK
    Ten each: the 10, the jack, the queen and the king
    AA
    The ace: 1 or 11
  • The ace is declared. At Córdoba tables, when an ace is one of your first two cards, the dealer asks you to declare it 1 or 11, and the choice holds for the rest of the hand. An ace that arrives later counts either way, as at any table.
  • Blackjack. An ace beside a ten, jack, queen or king on the first two cards. A blackjack pays 3 to 2.
  • Who plays first. You play before the dealer. Go over 21 and your bet is gone, even if the dealer goes over later.
  • Hard total. No ace in the hand, or an ace counted as 1. A 10 and a 6 is hard 16.
  • Hit: take another card. Stand: take no more cards and keep your total.
  • Double: at Córdoba tables, only on two cards that make 11: a second bet as large as the first, for exactly one more card. The second bet can lose too.
  • The house edge. The house keeps an edge even if you never make a mistake. Played by the full chart, these Córdoba rules leave the house about 2.08% of every bet on average. The chart makes the game cheaper, not free.

You hold a 10 and a 2. The dealer shows a 6. Do you take a card?

The short answer

On a hard 12 to 16, stand when the dealer shows 2 to 6 and take a card when the dealer shows 7 to ace — with one exception: hit 12 when the dealer shows a 2 or a 3. On a hard 11, double against a 2 to 9 and hit against a 10 or an ace. On a hard 10 or less, hit. On a hard 17 or more, stand.

Leo, in a teal jacket and mustard tie, gestures with an open hand at a green blackjack table where a 10 of hearts and a 2 of spades face the dealer’s single card, the 6 of clubs; Maya, in a mustard jacket, leans on the rail with a finger to her chin, thinking.
Leo smiling, explaining with an open hand.

Leoformer dealer · rules and maths

Your gut says hit: twelve feels like nothing to stand on. Stand anyway. The reason is a number, not a hunch — how often a dealer showing a 6 goes over 21.

How a hand goes

At Córdoba tables the cards come out of a shoe of at least eight decks shuffled together. Every hand goes through the same five steps.

  1. Bet. Put your chips in your betting spot before the first card is dealt, and leave them there: no bet goes down after the first card, and none is raised, lowered or taken back except as the rules allow.
  2. The deal. The dealer gives every bet one card face up and takes one face up, then gives every bet a second card face up and takes a second card face down.
  3. Your turn. Take more cards or stand on what you hold, or double on an 11: a second bet for exactly one more card, dealt face down. The choice is yours alone; what other players or onlookers say does not count.
  4. The dealer’s turn. The dealer turns over the second card and has no choices to make: under 17 the dealer draws, and on any 17 or more, soft or hard, the dealer stands. If every player has already gone over 21, the dealer does not draw at all.
  5. Result. A hand over 21 loses at once. A total higher than the dealer’s, or any hand still standing when the dealer goes over 21, is paid 1 to 1; a blackjack is paid 3 to 2 (150% of the bet).

A dealer showing a 6 goes over 21 on 42.3% of hands. That is often, and it is still less than half the time: standing on 12 against a 6 is the better bet, not a sure thing.

Leo smiling, giving a thumbs-up.

Leoformer dealer · rules and maths

Look at the order again. You act first, and going over 21 takes your bet right there, even when the dealer goes over a moment later. That order — you first, the dealer second — is where the house edge comes from.

Hard means the hand has one total and only one: there is no ace in the hand, or the ace has to count as 1. A hand where an ace can still count as 11 is soft, and soft hands are a lesson of their own. At Córdoba tables a two-card hand with an ace is never soft for long: you declare the ace at once, and the total you declare is the one you play.

101066
Hard 16. The hand has one total, 16, and one more card can take the hand over 21.
7733AA
Soft 21. The ace came as the third card, so it still counts 1 or 11: the hand is 11 or 21.

The key idea: the dealer’s face-up card

Leo raising one finger, thinking something through.

Leoformer dealer · rules and maths

You see one of the dealer’s two cards and none of the cards still to come. That one face-up card decides how the dealer’s hand is likely to end, and the whole chart is built on it.

How the dealer’s hand ends, by the face-up card % of hands, by the dealer’s final total · eight decks, dealer stands on all 17s
Dealer shows1718192021Black­jackOver 21
Weak cards: 2 to 6
214.013.513.012.411.8–35.4
313.413.112.512.111.5–37.4
413.112.512.111.611.2–39.5
512.212.211.811.210.8–41.8
616.610.610.610.29.7–42.3
Strong cards: 7 to ace
736.913.87.87.97.4–26.2
812.936.012.96.96.9–24.4
912.011.835.212.06.1–22.9
1011.211.211.234.13.57.721.2
Ace13.013.113.113.15.430.811.5

Each row of the table is one face-up card, and the last column is how often the dealer’s hand ends over 21. Read down that column and the ten cards split into two groups, with the split between the 6 and the 7.

A weak card: 2 to 6
2233445566

The dealer goes over 21 on 35.4% to 42.3% of hands.

So on a hard 13 to 16 you stand and let the dealer take that risk. A hard 12 stands too, except against a 2 or a 3.

A strong card: 7 to ace
7788991010AA

The dealer goes over 21 on only 11.5% to 26.2% of hands.

So on a hard 12 to 16 you take a card yourself: waiting for the dealer to go over 21 is a poor bet against a strong card.

  • A weak card makes the dealer draw. Showing 2 to 6, the dealer needs at least two more cards, and every extra card is another chance to go over 21. So on 12 to 16 you stand and let the dealer take that chance (12 against a 2 or a 3 is the one exception).
  • A strong card ends the dealer’s hand fast. A ten turns a 7 into 17: with a 7 showing, the dealer lands on exactly 17 on 36.9% of hands and on 17 or more 73.8% of the time. Stand on 12 to 16 and you lose to every one of those hands, so you take the card yourself.
  • The dealer’s own blackjack. The dealer’s second card is turned over only after you play, so against a 10 or an ace your hand sometimes loses whatever you chose: a dealer showing a 10 has blackjack on 7.7% of hands, and a dealer showing an ace on 30.8%. At these tables a dealer blackjack takes every bet on your hand, a double too; that is why the chart hits 11 against a 10 or an ace instead of doubling.

Hard totals: the chart

Three rules cover every hard hand you will be dealt.

  • 12 to 16. These are called stiff hands: one card can take them over 21. Stand when the dealer shows 2 to 6, hit when the dealer shows 7 to ace — and hit 12 when the dealer shows a 2 or a 3.
  • 11 or less. No single card can take you over 21, so never stand. Double 11 against a 2 to 9, where the chart shows Dh, and hit everywhere else.
  • 17 or more: stand.

Eight decks · the dealer stands on every 17 · blackjack pays 3 to 2 · double on 11 only · the dealer’s second card is turned after you play · house edge 2.08% with the full chart, soft hands and pairs included

Hard totals, rules published by Lotería de Córdoba for Córdoba casinos
Hard2345678910A
5–8HHHHHHHHHH
9HHHHHHHHHH
10HHHHHHHHHH
11DhDhDhDhDhDhDhDhHH
12HHSSSHHHHH
13SSSSSHHHHH
14SSSSSHHHHH
15SSSSSHHHHH
16SSSSSHHHHH
17+SSSSSSSSSS
  • Hhit
  • Sstand
  • Dhdouble; hit if you cannot double

Find your hard total down the left edge of the chart, then read across to the card the dealer shows: the letters in that cell are your move.

The chart in words, row by row
  • 5–8: hit against every dealer card.
  • 9: hit against every dealer card.
  • 10: hit against every dealer card.
  • 11: double against 2 to 9 (hit if doubling is not allowed); hit against 10 and ace.
  • 12: hit against 2, 3 and 7 to ace; stand against 4 to 6.
  • 13: stand against 2 to 6; hit against 7 to ace.
  • 14: stand against 2 to 6; hit against 7 to ace.
  • 15: stand against 2 to 6; hit against 7 to ace.
  • 16: stand against 2 to 6; hit against 7 to ace.
  • 17 or more: stand against every dealer card.

Three mistakes that cost the most

Leo with a hand on his chest, looking concerned.

Leoformer dealer · rules and maths

Three habits come up at the table again and again, and each of the three has a price per hand that can be measured.

Every amount below is for an example bet of 10 units. The bet is an example, not a suggestion: bet twice as much and each mistake costs roughly twice as much. Amounts are in betting units, not pesos: a unit can stand for any amount, and the arithmetic is the same at any scale.

The careful mistake

Standing on 12 to 16 against 7 to ace

You hold
101066
against
The dealer shows
77
0.67 units

each time you stand on 16 against a 7. Standing on 14 against a 9 costs 1.12 units, and standing on 12 against a 7 costs 2.61 units. Standing feels safe because you cannot go over 21 — but a hand under 17 is paid only when the dealer goes over 21, and against a strong card the dealer usually does not.

Fix: on 12 to 16 against 7 to ace, take the card.

The impatient mistake

Hitting 13 to 16 against 2 to 6

You hold
101066
against
The dealer shows
66
2.70 units

each time you hit 16 against a 6, and hitting 13 against a 6 costs 0.82 units. Hard 12 is the exception, and the exception runs the other way: standing on 12 against a 2 costs 0.40 units, and standing on 12 against a 3 costs 0.19 units.

Fix: against 2 to 6, stand on 13 to 16 — and stand on 12 against a 4, 5 or 6.

The double at the wrong time

Doubling 11 against a 10 or an ace, and not doubling it against 2 to 9

You hold
6655
against
The dealer shows
1010
0.23 units

each time you double 11 against a 10, and doubling it against an ace costs 3.27 units: a dealer blackjack, turned over after you play, takes the double too. The other way round, hitting 11 against a 6 instead of doubling costs 3.37 units.

Fix: double 11 against a 2 to 9, hit it against a 10 or an ace. The second bet can still lose, and over all hands the house keeps its edge.

16 against a 10

The hand players find hardest is nearly a coin toss between standing and hitting: on an example bet of 10 units, hitting does better than standing by 0.04 units a hand.

Stand
loses 5.76 units a hand on average
Hit
loses 5.72 units a hand on average

Each bar is the average loss of one move on the same hand, 16 against a 10, and the bars are almost the same length. That is what a coin toss looks like in money: whichever move you make, the hand costs about the same, and the chart only picks the smaller of the two losses.

Researchers who watched players at real tables found the same pattern: most mistakes were on the careful side, standing where the chart says hit (Keren and Wagenaar, 1985; Carlin and Robinson, 2009).

At the table, with Maya

Maya smiling, explaining with an open hand.

Mayaformer floor supervisor · manners, money and breaks

Knowing the chart is half of playing a hand well. The other half is the table’s own rules: when your bet must be down, and who gets to decide your hand.

  • Your bet goes down before the first card, and once the deal starts it stays as it is: no raising, lowering or taking it back, apart from a double or a split.
  • Your hand is yours. How much to bet, what the ace counts, whether to double or split: the decision is yours, and advice from other players or onlookers counts for nothing.
  • The card after a double comes face down. You see it when the dealer settles the hand.

What the chart does to the price

What you bet on one hand, times the hands the table deals in an hour, times the share of every bet the house keeps, makes what an hour costs on average.

Your bet on one hand10 unitsAn example, not a suggestion.
Hands the table deals in an hour70An example pace, not a measured one.
The share of every bet the house keeps2.08%With the full chart, soft hands and pairs included.
What an hour costs on average15 unitsAn average over many evenings, not the price of any one evening.

Played by the full chart — these hard totals plus soft hands and pairs — Córdoba rules still leave the house a share of every bet, and every move off the chart makes that share bigger. Of the three numbers that multiply, the share is the only one you cannot change: the bet is yours to set, and the pace is the table’s. What the three make is an average over many evenings, and a single evening can land far above that average or far below it.

Maya stands in a softly lit lounge holding up a phone with a 15-minute timer; Leo relaxes in a purple armchair with a cup of coffee.
Maya’s rule: the timer is set before the first hand.
Maya with a hand on her chest, speaking gently and seriously.

Mayaformer floor supervisor · manners, money and breaks

Two habits matter more than any chart. Decide your time and your budget before you sit down, and take the break when the time is up.

A losing streak is not a debt the table owes you: betting more to get the money back only makes the hour dearer. And if the money on the table starts to feel like money you need, or you play to get away from something, stop and call one of the lines below — that is what they are for.

If it stops being fun

If gambling stops being entertainment, help is available. Minimum entry age: each province sets its own. Where we found the rule or regulator that sets it, we cite it on the page; those we found set it at 18. More on responsible gaming.

Show all provinces
0800-666-6006Buenos Aires City (CABA) · Línea de orientación por juego problemático (LOTBA) · Monday to Friday, 9 to 17
0800-444-4000Buenos Aires Province · Programa de Prevención y Asistencia al Juego Compulsivo (IPLyC)
0800-777-2983Cordoba · Línea 0800-777-AYUDA (Lotería de Córdoba) · 24 hours
0800-268-5640Santa Fe · Línea gratuita de la APRECOD (Santa Fe) · Every day, 8 to 24
0800-888-2202Entre Rios · Departamento Juego Responsable (IAFAS, PREVENJUEGO)
0261-424-7536Mendoza · Programa de Juego Responsable (IPJyC) · Monday to Friday, 8 to 14
0800-888-5836Misiones · Programa de Juego Responsable del IPLyC S.E. (0800-888-LUDO)
0800-888-2008Chaco · Línea de Juego Responsable (Lotería Chaqueña)
0299-403-8900Neuquen · Líneas de contacto, orientación y tratamiento (IJAN, juego responsable) · Monday to Friday, 8 to 15
0800-222-1700Rio Negro · Línea de Orientación al Jugador Problemático (Lotería de Río Negro)
02901-433515Tierra del Fuego · Departamento Juego Responsable (IPRA, Ushuaia)
0800-555-7678Tucuman · Juego Responsable, Ley 8986 (Caja Popular de Ahorros)
0800-999-1314San Juan · Línea gratuita del Programa Provincial de Juego Responsable (Caja de Acción Social) · Monday to Friday, 08 to 12

If you are thinking about suicide, call 135 or 0800 345 1435 from anywhere in the country

The lesson on one card

That is the lesson. Here it is on one card: print the card, or keep it on your phone. Ask the dealer before you put the card on the table.

Hard totalsRules published by Lotería de Córdoba for Córdoba casinos

Eight decks · the dealer stands on every 17 · blackjack pays 3 to 2 · double on 11 only · the dealer’s second card is turned after you play

Hard totals: find your total, then the dealer’s card
Hard2345678910A
5–8HHHHHHHHHH
9HHHHHHHHHH
10HHHHHHHHHH
11DhDhDhDhDhDhDhDhHH
12HHSSSHHHHH
13SSSSSHHHHH
14SSSSSHHHHH
15SSSSSHHHHH
16SSSSSHHHHH
17+SSSSSSSSSS
  • Hhit
  • Sstand
  • Dhdouble; hit if you cannot double

18+ under each province’s rules · Set a limit before you sit down · Play responsibly · the line for your province is at Helplines by province

If you are thinking about suicide, call 135 or 0800 345 1435 from anywhere in the country

Practice table

Cards come from a shuffled 8-deck shoe, dealt in the Córdoba order from the five steps above. Decide with the buttons or the keys H, S and D, and the table says what the chart does, why, and what each choice costs on average — for an example bet of 10 units unless you pick another bet. The lesson is one run: every square on the strip below is one hand of it, and they are all there from the start. Only your first move on each hand is scored, and when a level’s squares are full the next level begins by itself. Level 1 deals hard 12 to 16.

The practice table needs JavaScript. Here is one hand from it, with the answer.

Dealer shows a 7

77

You hard 16

101066

The chart says: Hit.

Hard 16 against a 7: The dealer card is strong: standing on 16 loses whenever the dealer finishes on 17 or more, 73.8% of hands against a 7.

Average result per hand on an example bet of 10 units (a minus means money lost): stand −4.77 units · hit −4.10 units. Standing instead costs about 0.67 units more each time.

How the practice table works

One strip, no rounds. Every square on the strip is one hand of this lesson, and they are all there from the start. The square shows your first move on that hand: right first time, or a mistake. Later moves in the same hand are checked and explained, but the square keeps your first answer. When a level’s squares are full the next level begins by itself, with no button in between.

Example bet. The amounts are averages for the example bet you pick: 5 units, 10 units or 25 units. At a bet twice as large, each amount is about twice as much. The bet is only there to show amounts: there is no balance, and nothing adds up from one hand to the next.

Practice. Each mistake on a first move goes on your list (up to 30 hands). Practising deals those hands again. When you answer one right, it leaves the list, and any cross it has on the strip changes to “fixed in practice”. Practice does not change the count: only your first answer on each hand does.

Table rules. The menu above the table holds the three rulebooks this course reads. At each of them the dealer’s second card comes after you play, so the table shows it only when the dealer’s turn begins. The correct play is the chart’s cell for the rules you pick, and the averages come from the same engine as the chart. A double here is always the full size of your bet. Level 1: hard 12 to 16 against every dealer card. Level 2: hard 5 to 19, doubles included. Level 3: hard 9 to 16 against every dealer card; the clock is optional. A hand that turns soft after a hit is shown with the chart’s play but not graded; the shoe is reshuffled when about a quarter is left. There is no money on this table: the amounts are averages for the example bet, and only your decisions are counted.

Check yourself

Maya with a finger raised and a knowing look.

Mayaformer floor supervisor · manners, money and breaks

Five quick ones. Pick an answer, then check it. No timer, no points: just whether it stuck.

A question marked “New situation” asks you to use the lesson on a case it did not show.

1You hold a 10 and a 6: hard 16. The dealer shows a 7. What does the chart say?

Show the answer

Answer: Hit. A dealer showing a 7 finishes on 17 or more on 73.8% of hands, and a 16 that stands loses to every one of those hands. Hitting loses less. On an example bet of 10 units, hitting loses 4.10 units per hand on average and standing loses 4.77 units.

  • Hit On an example bet of 10 units, hitting loses 4.10 units a hand on average and standing loses 4.77 units: hitting is the smaller loss of the two.
  • Stand: the dealer might still go over 21 A 16 that stands is paid only when the dealer goes over 21, and a dealer showing a 7 goes over 21 on just 26.2% of hands.
  • Double Not at Córdoba tables: the rules allow a double only on two cards that make 11, and 16 is not 11.
2You hold a 10 and a 2: hard 12. The dealer shows a 2. What does the chart say?

Show the answer

Answer: Hit. 12 is the exception to “stand on 12 to 16 when the dealer shows 2 to 6”. Only a 10-value card takes 12 over 21, while a dealer showing a 2 goes over just 35.4% of the time. On an example bet of 10 units, standing on 12 against a 2 costs about 0.40 units more than hitting each time, and standing on 12 against a 3 costs about 0.19 units more.

  • Stand: against a weak card, leave 12 alone Hard 12 against a 2 is the exception to the stand-against-a-weak-card rule: a dealer showing a 2 goes over 21 on only 35.4% of hands, the least of the weak cards.
  • Hit Only a 10-value card takes 12 over 21, so taking a card costs less than standing and waiting for the dealer to go over: standing costs about 0.40 units more each time on an example bet of 10 units.
3You hold a 6 and a 5: hard 11. The dealer shows a 10. What does the chart say for these Córdoba rules?

Show the answer

Answer: Hit: against a 10, keep the second bet in your pocket. On these rules the chart doubles 11 against a 2 to 9 and only hits it against a 10 or an ace. The reason is the dealer’s second card: it lies face down until every player has finished, and a dealer blackjack then takes every bet on your hand, the double too. On an example bet of 10 units, doubling 11 against a 10 costs about 0.23 units more than hitting each time.

  • Double: 11 is the one total you may double Doubling is allowed on 11, and against a 2 to 9 the chart takes it. Against a 10 it costs about 0.23 units more than hitting each time on an example bet of 10 units, because a dealer blackjack, turned over after you play, takes the double too.
  • Hit: against a 10, keep the second bet in your pocket At these tables the dealer’s second card is turned over after you play, and a dealer blackjack then takes a double as well. Against a 10 that happens often enough that doubling costs about 0.23 units more than hitting each time on an example bet of 10 units.
  • Stand No card can take 11 over 21, so standing gives up a free card: standing loses 5.76 units a hand on an example bet of 10 units.
4You hold a 6 and a 4: hard 10. The dealer shows a 6. What does the chart say at a Córdoba table?

Show the answer

Answer: Hit. Córdoba rules allow a double only on two cards that make 11, so a 10 is simply hit, against every dealer card. Elsewhere a 10 against a 6 is a classic double; here the move is not on offer.

  • Stand: let the dealer go over No card can take 10 over 21, so standing throws away a free card: on an example bet of 10 units, standing loses 1.53 units a hand on average, while hitting comes out ahead of standing by 4.45 units.
  • Hit A 10 cannot go over 21 with one more card, and taking that card is the chart’s play against every dealer card at Córdoba tables.
  • Double: a 10 against a 6 is a strong spot Not at Córdoba tables: the rules allow a double only on two cards that make 11, and 10 is not 11.
5You play every hand by the full chart for an evening at a Córdoba table and end 60 units down. What does that most likely mean? new situation

Show the answer

Answer: Nothing unusual: the chart lowers the average cost, not the swings of one evening. Played by the full chart, these rules still leave the house 2.08% of every bet on average: that is the price of playing, and a single evening swings far more than that price, up or down. Raising your bets to get the money back only raises the price per hour. Decide your limit before you sit down.

  • Raise your bets for a while: the cards tend to even out The shoe has no memory of the evening, and a larger bet only makes each hour dearer.
  • The chart does not suit this table; play by feel next time The chart is worked out from the rules of this table, and one evening says nothing about whether the chart fits those rules.
  • You slipped somewhere: played perfectly, the chart breaks even Even with the full chart these rules leave the house 2.08% of every bet: the chart makes the game cheaper, not free.
  • Nothing unusual: the chart lowers the average cost, not the swings of one evening One evening lands far from the average in both directions; the average is what many evenings come to.

Where to play, and further reading

18+ under each province’s rules · Play responsibly · the helplines are further up this page

Further reading

How it’s worked out

Rules, numbers and hosts

Rules. The rules published by Lotería de Córdoba for Córdoba casinos: at least eight decks (the figures take exactly eight), the dealer stands on every 17, blackjack pays 3 to 2, a double only on 11, an ace among your first two cards declared 1 or 11 for the whole hand, and a dealer’s second card turned over after the players, whose blackjack takes every bet on the hand. It is a preset for learning, not a statement about any one casino: the room settles anything its rulebook leaves open.

Numbers. Every figure on this page is worked out when the page is built, by our blackjack engine. The chart gives, for each hard total, the play with the higher average result over all two-card hands of that total, pairs aside. A mistake’s cost is the average result of the chart’s play minus that of the mistake, per hand, for an example bet of 10 units, with each average rounded to the hundredth first, so a cost is always the difference of the two amounts shown. Against a 10 or an ace the averages include the hands where the dealer turns up a blackjack, because at these tables it takes a double too. The house edge assumes the full chart, soft hands and pairs included, with every ace among the first two cards declared the better way, and cards shuffled after every hand; with a cut card it is a little higher, and every move off the chart raises it.

The dealer’s table. The dealer’s second card is dealt face down and turned over after the players, as at Córdoba tables, so blackjack is an outcome of its own. Your own two cards stay in the shoe; with them taken out the figures shift a little. A row may not add up to exactly 100 because of rounding.

Hosts. Leo and Maya are illustrated characters. Their backstories, a former dealer and a former floor supervisor, are written for the course: neither is a real person, and neither speaks for any casino. The rules and numbers on this page come from the sources it cites, not from their experience.

No promise. Blackjack is played against the house. The chart lowers the price of playing; nothing on this page makes it free or tells you how an evening will end.

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